In particular, potential mediating effects of circulating peptide and steroid hormones on mating behavior have been described for some species (see Argiolas, 1999 for review). Genetic and epigenetic factors, circulating hormones, and learned behavior can contribute to a female's final mate choice. Less well understood are the physiological substrates that are likely also crucial for successful female reproductive choice. A wide range of subtle and complex external factors have been shown to influence female choice, suggesting sophisticated integration of cues by females. However, more factors may also contribute importantly to female mate choice decisions. It is often assumed that females choose males displaying the most exaggerated sexual traits-whether behavioral, morphological, or material, such as food and shelter. Our results show that associative change could be an important behavioral mediator between hormonal cues and reproductive success, and that females use a hierarchy of cues in decision-making, preferring to affiliate with T over NT males and, among T males, preferring more active animals. Gravid females preferred the smaller of two T males, but the smaller T males were significantly more active.
To discover whether gravid females use male size independent of dominance status as a cue for their choice, gravid females were given a choice between territorial males of different sizes. Gravid females preferentially associated with T males, whereas non-gravid females showed no preference. To measure affiliative preference, gravid and non-gravid females were given the choice of associating with T or NT males. Moreover, the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis controlling reproduction and reproductive hormones is substantially remodeled in both males and females depending on reproductive state. In the African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, males shift between reproductive (territorial T) and non-reproductive (non-territorial NT) states depending on social context while females alternate between gravid (egg bearing G) and non-gravid (NG) reproductive states independent of social conditions. Here we asked whether the differences in female reproductive state dependent on changes in hormone levels correspond to changes in female affiliation with males. Manufactured at : Plot No.Hormones play a pivotal role in reproductive behavior and have been implicated in mediating mate choice decisions. The product is best packaged for the transit.
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